PPG - Programas de Pós-GraduaçãoDissertações e Teseshttps://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/4072024-03-27T22:56:41Z2024-03-27T22:56:41ZElaboração de modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica de parte da bacia do rio Caratinga para determinação da área urbana inundável no município de Caratinga-MGhttps://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/40172024-03-12T15:02:06Z2023-12-15T00:00:00ZElaboração de modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica de parte da bacia do rio Caratinga para determinação da área urbana inundável no município de Caratinga-MG
In Brazil, mostly of urban centers were not planned. Consequently, cities have suffered from an increase in flood events and consequently floods. In this context, specialized literature presents tools such as hydrological modeling to assist both in understanding the physical processes in the basin during events and in decision making. As an example of application, the city of Caratinga, located in the Doce River valley region, in the east of the state of Minas Gerais, has suffered from extreme hydrological events. The events recorded in 2003 and 2004 stand out, which, in addition to financial losses, were also marked by human losses. Thus, understanding the physical processes of the basin upstream of the city has become essential for developing macro and micro drainage planning based on reliable scientific data. To this end, the present work proposes to apply hydrological and hydraulic models using the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software to evaluate the behavior of the Caratinga River in the urban section of the city. The SCS-CN methods were used to determine the design flows, the Cowan method to estimate the roughness and the separation of events using the rx5day index. Additionally, satellite images and aerial photographs were used to collect data on topography, land use and soil types in the study region. The results obtained showed that 21.74% of the events resulted in flooding points in the city, also pointing out that the Caratinga River overflows with flows above 20m³/s. As a product, this work provides a technical opinion as a proposal for a guideline to guide public administrators in Caratinga and the region regarding the preparation of the municipal urban drainage plan.
Dissertação
2023-12-15T00:00:00ZMacroinvertebrados bentônicos como ferramenta de análise biológica de qualidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Santo Antônio (MG)https://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/40152024-03-12T13:26:21Z2023-12-15T00:00:00ZMacroinvertebrados bentônicos como ferramenta de análise biológica de qualidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Santo Antônio (MG)
Most water bodies suffer impacts from human actions, such as disordered use and occupation of soil, which comes from the disorderly growth of urban centers, considered one of the main causes of degradation of rivers and lakes due to waste dumping, industrial and sanitary sewage without correct treatment. Aware of this problem, this study aims to evaluate the use of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of environmental quality, in the Rio Santo Antônio/MG watershed. Benthic macroinvetebrates were collected in 8 points distributed along the Santo Antônio river watershed. In addition to identifying macroinvertebrates, physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water were carried out at the collection points in order to better understand the results acquired by the bioindicators, in addition to the application of the Rapid Assessment Protocol (PAR), to classify the environmental characteristics of each location. collected. Results such as land use and occupation in the basin and its percentage of each use were acquired along with the representative map. By using the Rapid Assessment Protocol it was possible to determine that collection point number 4 located in the municipality of Carmésia/MG and collection point 8 in the municipality of Naque/MG, were classified as impacted and the others classified as natural. From the samples of benthic macroinvetedrates collected, 134 individuals were identified in total, being classified into 3 phyla, Arthopoda, Annelida and Mollusca, 4 classes being: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Insecta and Oligochaeta, totaling 6 orders. The presence of the Oligochaeta class stands out, in addition to Diptera and Bivalvia, these are considered organisms that live in environments where environmental disturbances occur, with a high gradient of tolerance to pollution, indicating contamination in the points that were found. For water quality analysis, several parameters did not meet the standards for class 2 waters, such as Escherichia coli, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and pH. The studies conducted point out that the area under study suffers environmental impacts due to poor basic sanitation, contributing to the discharge of sewage directly into water bodies, causing the degradation of water in the Santo Antônio River watershed.
Dissertação
2023-12-15T00:00:00ZAvaliação de riscos no sistema de abastecimento de água em um município de pequeno portehttps://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/40102024-03-08T14:06:52Z2023-12-13T00:00:00ZAvaliação de riscos no sistema de abastecimento de água em um município de pequeno porte
The main objective of this study is to identify tem vulnerable points of tem water supply system in tem municipality of Nova Era, taking into account tem importance of basic sanitation services and access to drinking water for improving tem quality of life and public health of tem city. population. Furthermore, we sought to present proposals for mitigating measures for tem identified risks. According to Sustainable Development Goal Six (SDG6) established by tem United Nations-UN, universal and equitable access to drinking water and basic sanitation is a global priority. However, despite Brazil having one of tem largest freshwater reserves in tem world, there are still challenges in guaranteeing tem quality and quantity of water available to tem population. Many localities face problems with access to drinking water and sewage treatment, which directly affects public health and people's quality of life. In this context, risk analysis using tem (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) FMEA methodology emerges as a relevant tool to identify weaknesses and prevent potential failures in tem water supply system. Furthermore, it is essential to implement a Water Safety Plan (WSP), as recommended by tem World Health Organization (WHO). The Water Security Plan-PSA allows a comprehensive analysis of all stages of tem water supply system, from collection to distribution. Through a technical visit and information provided by tem team responsible for tem Water Supply System-SAA and tem use of FMEA, it was possible to identify tem main risks of tem water supply system from tem collection to tem drinking water reservoir and propose mitigating measures. After analysis, it was observed in tem risk classification and quantification that tem main failures throughout tem system were identified in tem catchment basin in a total of 17 risks, 5 of which were critical, totaling 24.9% of tem spreadsheet at this stage, tem failure mode that represented tem Number of priority risks-RPN with a value of 240 with tem highest risk in this stage was due to tem lack of study of water availability in tem catchment basin. In tem filtration stage, tem value of RPN 450 was identified as more critical due to tem failure to replace tem filtering media since tem start of operation of tem ETA Water Treatment Plant. The assessment carried out in tem chemical products stage identified 7 risks, 3 of which were considered critical, totaling 42.9% of tem risks in this stage. The application of tem FMEA methodology to implement risk management proved to be an effective tool that is simple and quick to apply, allowing tem proposition of preventive and corrective measures to mitigate risks.
Dissertação
2023-12-13T00:00:00ZImpacto das mudanças climáticas na qualidade da água na bacia do rio Piracicaba/MGhttps://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/39842024-02-20T14:09:49Z2023-12-13T00:00:00ZImpacto das mudanças climáticas na qualidade da água na bacia do rio Piracicaba/MG
Precipitation and air temperature are the most used variables to indicate the climate changes that are taking place in a given region. The Piracicaba River basin is inserted in an important economic region of the Minas Gerais State, with a strong presence of mining, steel and pulp activities, which depend on water resources in their production processes. In this context, the present study evaluated the influence of air temperature and precipitation on water quality in a current and future scenario in the Piracicaba/MG river basin. For this, water quality parameters dataset was analyzed from 2001 to 2020 and simulated precipitation and temperature data, from the regionalized climate model ETA/HADGEM2-ES, were obtained for 1960 to 2099 period, considering the historical scenario and the one with the greatest increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases. A cross-correlation analysis was performed between all variables and a multiple regression model was adjusted, in order to identify which water quality parameters are most influenced by precipitation and air temperature in the basin. The impact of extreme precipitation and temperature events on water quality was also assessed. According to the results obtained, it was possible to verify that, in a future scenario, air temperature will increase in average by up to 6.6°C by 2099 and precipitation will decrease by up to 3.39 mm/month. The results also showed that, in a warmer climate, there will be a decrease in dissolved oxygen by up to 15.57% and the water temperature will increase by up to 25.37%. In approximately 85% of the monitoring points analyzed, air temperature explained at least 60% of the variability in water temperature and at least 30% of the variability in dissolved oxygen. Additionally, the projected decrease in precipitation is expected to result in an average decrease in turbidity by up to 50.31% and total solids by up to 22.50%. However, extreme rainfall may continue to occur in the basin, and in this sense, temperature and precipitation events, above the 90th percentile, were associated in more than 90% of cases with a poor or regular water quality index. The stations close to the mouth of the basin showed a higher percentage of extreme temperature events, but a lower percentage of extreme precipitation events. It was also found that precipitation, air temperature, nitrate, total phosphorus, pH, total solids and thermotolerant coliforms jointly explain 33% of the variability in the water quality index. Thus, adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change were proposed to guarantee water quality, helping to effectively manage water resources within the Piracicaba/MG river basin.
Dissertação
2023-12-13T00:00:00Z