Implementação de um sistema didático de controle para levitação magnética

Abstract

The magnetic levitation, also known as magnetic suspension and abreviated by Maglev, is a result of the magnetic attraction, repulsion and forces equilibrium physical principles apllied to a determined object in the space under magnetic forces action. The magnetic levitation has several applications like high speed trains moving without friction on a trail, wind tunnels, induction ovens, mechanical bearings and motors. This work presents the design and implementation of a didatic control system for surveys and researches purposes in the area of analog and digital control engineering considering a non linear system and the magnetic levitation concepts. The main target of the didatic control system is to levitate a steel ball under a magnetic field action supplied by a coil which current is controlled by an electronic regulator in a closed loop control system. The steel ball displaces up and down under the coil until weight and magnetic forces equilibrium is reached. The distance between the coil and the ball is measured electronically by an optical sensor an the coil current is driven by an electronic regulator connected to a power amplifier. This work will cover the magnetic levitation system analysis focusing on two distinct control engineering approaches: Analog and Digital Closed Loop Control System. To reach these targets the system will be modeled and simulated through Matlab and Simulink programs usage and then implemented as a practical prototype. To conclude it the prototype results will be compared with the theoretically calculated system. In addition a system identification technique will be used to estimate the transfer function of the practical system and also use it for comparisons.