Direito social ao transporte coletivo: regulação de concessão do transporte público por ônibus no município de Itajubá/MG

Abstract

The improvement of Urban Public Transportation (UPT) yields significant benefits for urban mobility and urban space utilization. In this way, Urban Public Transportation becomes a crucial factor in promoting development. However, the UPT faces increasing challenges in Brazilian cities, including the deterioration of services, fare increases, and a decline in competitiveness. In Brazil, most UPT services are delivered through public concessions managed by municipalities, meaning that how municipalities organize, plan, and oversee these concessions directly impacts the services delivered. In this context, the present study aims to develop a multi-criteria analysis tool to evaluate the regulatory conditions of UPT concessions in the municipality of Itajubá (MG). To achieve this, the study builds the tool using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), where the main regulatory variables identified in the literature and incorporated into legislation (particularly Federal Law No. 12,587/2012) are organized into criteria and sub-criteria, distributed according to their respective weights. From an interdisciplinary perspective, the analysis tool evaluates compliance with these indicators based on a scale that verifies the presence of the assessed attribute, allowing a numerical assessment of the regulatory conditions of the concession in the municipality. As a result, the study concludes that improvements are needed in the regulatory conditions of the UPT concession in Itajubá (MG), particularly regarding transparency, oversight, and the establishment of performance goals. However, it also identifies issues related to planning, social control, and the affordability of the service that require attention.