Análise dos impactos da geração fotovoltaica em larga escala na região de segurança da região Sudoeste do Nordeste do SIN

Abstract

This dissertation aims to present the characteristics, operation, and electrical and energy implications of photovoltaic generation, focusing on analyzing its electrical impact in both static and dynamic regimes when integrated on a large scale within the National Interconnected System (SIN). To achieve this, the Southwest Electrical Region of Northeast SIN was selected, where a study was conducted based on real data from the National Interconnected System for the first four months of 2024. The national and global energy sector is undergoing a transition period in which intermittent generation has emerged as a key player. In this context, the Northeast region of Brazil has experienced significant changes in power system operational conditions due to the behavioral profiles intrinsic to these sources. The integration of photovoltaic generation into the SIN has grown significantly. According to data from the National System Operator (ONS), as of June 2025, the installed capacity of operational solar photovoltaic projects within the national power grid reached 16,739 GW, compared to 130 MW in January 2017, representing an impressive increase of more than 128-fold over the period. Despite the increase in energy generation capacity, photovoltaic sources do not contribute inertia to the electrical system, affecting grid stability during disturbances. This can create risk conditions for regulation and control of electrical stability, compromising the operational security of the power grid. Given this scenario, assessing the electrical impact on regional security has become a point of concern, attracting the interest of researchers and engineers. Reactive power control resources within the network are not always sufficient to accommodate the growing generation. Therefore, this dissertation proposes an evaluation of the impact of large-scale photovoltaic generation on the security of an electrical region within the system. For this study, the computational tool Organon was used, along with an analysis of the impact of photovoltaic generation integration in the Southwest region of Northeast SIN. The evaluation of secure operational conditions in power system scenarios with photovoltaic generation will be conducted using Security Regions, which provide a correct and reliable mapping of the system. This method aids operational decision-making. To achieve this objective, a comparative analysis of photovoltaic generation with other existing generation modalities in the studied region will be performed.