Sistema para aumento de eficiência na geração fotovoltaica por aspersão de água

Abstract

The efficiency of a photovoltaic panel can be reduced both by shadows, by the increase in its temperature and by the accumulation of dirt on its surface. Studies indicate that water circulation over the panel helps improve energy generation, since spraying assists in lowering the temperature of the cells while also promoting surface cleaning. However, as water is a finite and costly resource, it is essential to investigate the most appropriate moment for its use in order to maximize the energy gain provided by this process. This work presents an investigation into the economic feasibility of using small doses of water to increase electricity generation in photovoltaic panels. It also examines the appropriate timing for applying water doses so as to obtain greater monetary gains from the increase in generation. The experiments were conducted on two photovoltaic panels similar to those used in photovoltaic power plants. One panel was kept as a reference, while the other received water spraying. During this process, several variables were recorded with the aim of identifying a possible control parameter to be employed in an automatic spraying system. The greatest energy increments were obtained when the panel exhibited instantaneous power closer to its nominal value. Based on the calculations performed, it was possible to conclude that under certain conditions water spraying is beneficial, leading to monetary gains.