Análise do comportamento hidráulico de vertedores na variação do número de Froude – simulação computacional

Abstract

Hydraulic flow has a wide range of technical applications in engineering in areas involving sanitation, urban drainage, irrigation, hydroelectric, navigation and environmental preservation. In this way, runoff on a free surface can be considered a destructive factor in nature and can damage structures and take human lives. The objective of this work is study the behavior of the flow in a real rectangular channel by means of computational simulations in computational fluid dynamics to determine the type of flow through the Froude number and to analyze the hydraulic behavior for three spillways with different geometry: bottom, rectangular and triangular with different flow values. For this purpose, a Fortran programming language was used to carry out preliminary simulations with the prediction of the channel behavior which, through calculations, can define the type of spillway geometry. On the other hand, computational fluid dynamics software was used, which allows analyzing the hydraulic behavior of the channel in addition to allowing the colors maps construction of each spillway inserted in the channel. The present study indicates that the computational model is able to reproduce flows on a free surface taking precautions regarding the quality of the mesh that guarantees the convergence of the computational solution. The analyzes allowed the calculation of the Froude number to be carried out upstream of the spillway, on top of the spillway and downstream of the spillway, allowing to understand the hydraulic behavior for each situation under study.