Contribuição dos sistemas agroecológicos de produção na zona de amortecimento de parques nacionais: parceria nos objetivos da unidade de conservação

Abstract

National Parks are Conservation Units (CUs) that have around them the delimitation of an area in order to contain the negative impacts to the core area, called buffer zones. These surrounding areas are subject to specific rules and restrictions, according to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), and it is in the CU Management Plan that the guidelines to be followed for the conservation processes to take place are found. Land use and management in the buffer zone needs to be defined in order to meet CUs objectives. In the Management Plan for the Itatiaia National Park (PNI) there is no standard, guideline or restriction that addresses alternative forms of soil management, such as agroecological systems. A special case occurs in the city of Itamonte/MG, where 80% of its territory is within CUs, including the PNI and its buffer zone which is within the limits of other UCs and requires preferential land use policies agroecological based systems. Thus, the general objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of agroecological production systems in achieving the objectives of the Itatiaia National Park in terms of its buffer zone. To this end, geoprocessing techniques were applied to map the area of the buffer zone and core area of the park where they have agroecological production systems, and questionnaires to understand the perception of farmers about the existence of the park, the buffer zone and agroecological systems of production that develop on their properties. The data were finally analyzed using the SWOT Matrix. As a result, the importance of agroecological production systems in minimizing the negative impacts on the limits of the PA, the connectivity of the systems with the forests adjacent to the park's forests and the socioeconomic purpose that the systems enable is highlighted. It is concluded that it is essential to establish collective actions, integrating the Serra da Mantiqueira Mosaic and the surrounding community, in order to diagnose, plan and implement sustainable agroecological systems in the buffer zone.