Avaliação das características de lixiviados de aterros sanitários do estado de Minas Gerais e análise de wetlands naturais como alternativa de pós-tratamento

Abstract

When destined for sanitary landfills, solid waste undergoes several processes that will generate liquid and gaseous effluents, including leachate. Due to its characteristics, for environmental and legal reasons, the leachate must be treated before being released into the environment, thus avoiding greater risks of contamination. Due to the high variability of the leachate characteristics, the biological treatment performed by pond systems may present limitations of efficiency, making it necessary to use onlyalternative solutions to complement the treatment. In view of the above, the present work sought to diagnose and evaluate the qualitative characteristics of leachate from several sanitary landfills in the state of Minas Gerais, through the analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters, as well asthe efficiency of a natural wetland as an alternative to complement the Australian system of ponds in series of the sanitary landfill of CPGRS (Public Consortium for Solid Waste Management), located in João Monlevade – MG, aiming to fill the gaps in natural wetlands as a complementary treatment to the lagoon system and guarantee water security through the search for a better destination of the generated effluent. After analyzing the leachate from some landfills in the state of Minas Gerais, it was possible to conclude that this effluent has significant levels of organic matter and nutrients and that trace metals are elements in a smaller proportion, common in leachate. The treatment of effluent from the CPGRS landfill by the Australian system of series ponds presented efficiency restrictions due to variations in the concentrations of leachate pollutants, presenting the natural wetland as an alternative to complement the treatment due to the removal efficiencies achieved for this.