Contribuições metodológicas visando a outorga do uso de recursos hídricos para geração hidrelétrica

Abstract

The objective of this work is to present mechanisms to search for better management of waterresources aiming at the mitigtion of competing uses, as incise IV of the article 1º of the federal law 9.433/97. In the Brazilian case, a great part of these conflicts is deriving of the implantation of the great hudroeletric plants. Thus, the water destined to energy generation is the main focus of this monograph. In this dissertation, two approaches are given: the remaining outflow in the stretch of the reduced outflow of the derivation centrals and the utilization of multiple uses of the water in the great reservoirs. In the case of the Small Central offices, the amount of water that must remain in the short stretch - circuit between the dam and the power house will not be available for the energy generation, which will cause an impediment between entrepreneurs and environmental agencies, the former interested in the largest amount for generation and the latter worried about keeping a sufficient amount, aiming at a lesser impact, adding to this the fact that this case is devoid of a legal opinion, can be verified that when a minimum outflow is imposed, the same does not present cientific arguments. Thus, searching a methodology that incorporated environmental and social criteria, in addition to technician and economic criteria, a tool was found in the multicriterial methods that could be used as aid to decision making. For application of the multicriterial methodology, a consultation to various specialists of comprehensive areas was made observing 8 criteria and 11 alternatives by means of two techniques: Method of Compromisse Programming (CP) and Theory of the Cooperative Games (CGt). Both methods presented similar results, in such way that the use of this instrument wa shown to be effective. The other case study was the Furnas Hidropower Plant, which has a reservoir that represents almost half of the Brazilian coast, so muvh so that the intense and lasting reduction of level represent an instability in the development of social - economic actitivities developed on the board. In the early 60´s, the plant installed in the medium course of Rio Grande flooded agricultural lands of 34 cities greatly harming the agricultural activities the main economic source at the time. However, the construction of the reservoir made the bordering population of "Minas Sea" adapt to the new imposed conditions, thus starting development of tourism at the dam. But what it seemed to be the solution for the resumption of economic development of became only an illusion. The exposion of users lake to frequent and lasting degradations, a development to be gratly insecure and temporary. The so called planning, conflitcts with the XIV interpolated proposition XII and §3o of art. 4o of 9.984 law, of 2000. This interpolated proposition, mentions that the conditions of operation of the reservoir for hydroelectric exploratation will be defined and inspected by the ANA, together with the National Operator of System - ONS. Thus the objective of this part of the work was to formulate an operation rule that would better consider both the downstream and upstream interests, evolving to the setting of the parameters of duration and frequency of trespassing for some daily pre-established levels, so as to have greater sustainability in the development of activities by the marginal population, without having great losses in the generation of energy for the plant in study. Therefore, it was easy to analyze the impact on the cascade. Finally rules of operation were proposed so that these parameters could be achieved, always considering a horizon of a ten - year planning, showing that it will be possible for the hydroeletric power plants to meet the interest of all users.