Regulação do saneamento no Brasil: contexto histórico, perspectivas e capacitação

Abstract

Conclusion: Training in sanitation regulation has great transformative potential for the sector, as it offers the possibility of technical expertise for all stakeholders through an abundant content mapped by ANA. The vast majority of regulatory agencies surveyed (91.75%) indicated the need for training to specialize their staff. This demonstrates the assertiveness, both of the legal prescription of the new sanitation framework, and of the elaboration of the Training Plan in Sanitation Regulation by ANA. Despite the good practices of the international regulatory agencies of Colombia and Portugal, no similar document was identified that brings a complete approach to the instances involved, indicating a menu divided into fundamental and specific knowledge under the Learning Path format. Considering the results expected by the regulatory agencies and by the federal agency itself on the need to improve the competences of the entities involved in the regulation of sanitation, it would be essential to expand the contents on social control and notions of water resources. This last point converges with the “One Water Approach” and ANA's “Water is one” concept. In addition, new goals could be created to demonstrate adherence to the objectives of the document, promoting stronger incentives to regulatory agencies and other entities to carry out the aforementioned training. Evaluating that the Learning Path makes it possible to carry out other learning methods - in addition to the content offered by ANA -, and that most regulatory agencies surveyed do not evaluate the effectiveness of their training, the public must be oriented on the importance and methodology of this outcome evaluation. In this sense, ANA can include detailed guidelines and easily replicable models in its teaching materials and Internet portal. It was concluded that, in general, the Sanitation Regulation Training Plan met the requirements prescribed in Brazilian legislation, in addition to having incorporated a large portion of good international practices. In the assessment of subnational regulatory agencies, most of the content defined as important and very important is included in the document. Despite this, further research could be carried out to identify the perception and demand on the subject among the other stakeholders mentioned in the aforementioned Plan. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of the theme, considering the recent nature of the legal provision and publication of the ANA's guidance document. (tradução automática)