Diagnóstico da microbacia do ribeirão Achado no município de Santana do Paraíso (MG) e proposição de medidas para revitalização de nascentes

Abstract

The diagnosis of watersheds enables the knowledge of the local reality, in order to enable a more effective management of water resources. Water is essential for the maintenance of life, therefore, actions for its improvement must be implemented, focusing on a balanced ecosystem. This work aimed to diagnose environmentally the watershed of the ribeirão Achado, located in the municipality of Santana do Paraíso / MG, with the analysis of land use and occupation, the identification and classification of springs as to their state of conservation, as well as to propose revitalization measures. To this end, a survey of data was carried out in different databases, field inspections, identification, registration and macroscopic evaluation of the springs. In addition, the land use and occupation in the watershed were evaluated by means of maps of the years 2008, 2014, and 2020, making a comparison between them, in addition to the analysis of the location of the springs in the identified classes. In general, comparing the years 2008 and 2020, it was found that the uses of forestry, urban area and degraded area had an increase in area. However, in pastures and shrubs, rocks and dense vegetation there was a decrease in area. During the inspections it was verified the absence of fencing in 50% of the areas, which allows the access of animals; a highly degrading factor, concomitant to the high index of areas used for grazing. In this sense, actions have been proposed to revitalize the springs, from fencing, conduction of natural regeneration, densification, enrichment, direct planting, to the implementation of terraces and vertical mulching. The implementation of COPASA's Pro-Mananciais Program, focused on the revitalization of springs, was also observed. The results of this work also demonstrated the need for the government to encourage the revitalization of springs, so that they can be carried out by the owners, resulting in a gain in quantity and quality of the water resource that supplies the rural and central region of the city.