Estudo das interconexões hidráulicas entre águas superficiais e subterrâneas da bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Peixe (MG) utilizando análise de lineamentos estruturais e geoprocessamento

Abstract

The water that integrates the landscape and guarantees the perpetuity of different environmental systems is one of the primary resources for the full development of human activities. Although in different matrices, surface and groundwater, water should be evaluated and managed in an integrated way. The basin of the Peixe River - MG is mostly located on crystalline rocks, an environment composed of faults, fractures and altered rock in which allows the percolation and storage of water. To understand the potential of groundwater in the region and its contribution to surface water, it is necessary to investigate the quantitative exchanges between these two flows. Thus, this work aims to identify the hydraulic interconnections between surface and groundwater flow through the study of hydrodynamic parameters, geological-structural characterization and multicriteria analysis. Through the hydrodynamic parameters analysis it was verified a large amplitude of variation of the static levels of the wells for the two main hydrogeological domains, Crystalline and Metasediments-Metavolcanics. The different values of flow rate and specific capacity reveal the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic properties characteristic of these domains. Specifically for the specific capacity, it was noted, in general, an increase in its magnitude, the closer the well was to a mapped lineament. Through the geological-structural analysis, it was observed a preferential direction of the NW-SE lineaments, which coincided with the rectilinear stretches of the drainage network. The microbasins with a bigger structural plot, the São José stream and the Santa Cruz stream, also present the greatest base flow contribution. Additionally, and through the multicriteria analysis it was verified the influence mainly of the soil layers and geology in the definition of the areas of greater groundwater hydric potentiality of the basin. Spatially, the northwestern portion of the study area has, in general, high and very high hydric potentiality. The integrated analysis showed that different factors influence the hydric communicability between groundwater and surface water, and that quantitative parameters can be used to corroborate this relationship.