Armazenamento de energia: desafios na operação do SIN, serviços ancilares, capacidade e arbitragem de preços

Abstract

Brazil’s National Interconnected System (SIN)—one of the world’s most complex power systems—faces mounting challenges as the share of intermittent generation (solar and wind) grows, hindering supply reliability and the provision of ancillary services; in this context, energy storage technologies become increasingly relevant. This study surveys leading storage technologies, assessing their strengths and limitations against the needs of the Brazilian system and discussing barriers to appropriate remuneration, informed by international experience. Methodologically, two reference technologies are selected—electrochemical battery energy storage systems (BESS) and pumped‑storage hydropower (PSH)—and their economics are evaluated through revenue stacking feasible in the Brazilian market, including energy arbitrage, ancillary services, and capacity mechanisms. Results indicate that, in Brazil, storage is unlikely to achieve financial viability through arbitrage and ancillary services alone, making regulated capacity auctions necessary. The study concludes that incorporating a locational factor to weight bids in future capacity auctions would enhance grid reliability while reducing consumer charges.