Precificação locacional em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica considerando a inserção de geração distribuída e veículos elétricos

Abstract

Electric energy is a product sold through its market. Each kWh of energy produced directly impacts the social development of a given region. It is necessary for satisfactory economic growth, that the energy supplied in an area is the result of a process of production, transmission, and balanced distribution, especially about costs. In this process of equilibrium, there is the wish of the sector for a structure where the costs are compensated, and the expenses do not exceed the expectations of the consumers. The sector is divided by level. Each level is responsible for the recovery of the investment for the supply of energy. Thus, the system expects that the remuneration for investments at the distribution level will be compensated as an economic signal at the same level. This signaling is given a distribution tariff, which will compensate the concessionaire for all service provision the loads and distributed systems connected on the grid. This work presents a form of compensation costs of the distribution network using the locational pricing and discusses how the sector can regulate this type of approach. The locational pricing is given by the division of responsibility on cost recovery at the level of distribution. The signal is a locational tariff applied to consumers, passive or active. A portion of the locational tariff is attributed to distributed systems according to the use he makes of the network at that level. The model adopted consists of the formulation of two-step calculations. The portion relating to prices on capacity used by an inserted element in the network, and the portion that describes the price on the unused capacity of an element. It is based on the Long Term Incremental cost method, which is nothing more than a form of marginal pricing of electricity. The tariff signal is the result of the application of the incremental cost. The objective is to present a price signal for a microgrid in the context of smart grids, where there will be electric vehicles acting as generators. Besides, it seeks to indicate through a nodal and zonal formulation of a given system how loads and generators can benefit from this kind of situation and how they can influence the type of market and pricing adopted in an area. The analysis considers the power flow on the IEEE 34 bus test system and consists of the five scenarios.