Resumo:
National Parks are Conservation Units (UCs) that can be the scene of socioenvironmental conflicts due to their restrictions on access and use of natural
resources and the lack of social participation in their management. The Serra da
Bocaina National Park, on the border between the states of São Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro, was created in 1971 and has, over the years, experienced conflicts that
can harm its management and prevent its conservationist objectives from being
achieved, with highlight to the Vila de Trindade, in Paraty-RJ. Thus, the general
objective of this work is to analyze the appropriation of participatory methodologies
by the managers of the Serra da Bocaina National Park, aiming to minimize socioenvironmental conflicts in Vila de Trindade. To this end, questionnaires were
applied to assess the environmental perception and experience of conflict of the
local population, applying hypothesis tests to determine the socioeconomic
characteristics that influence the experience of conflict in the region, in addition to
semi-structured interviews to identify perceptions and expectations of park
managers and the local community about participatory methodologies applied at
the study site. These data were finally analyzed using the SWOT Matrix. As results
obtained, the average environmental perception found for the population of Vila de
Trindade stands out, in contrast to a great lack of knowledge about the definition of
UCs and their locations. In addition, it was found that, at the study site, populations
over 45 years old and who have lived there for more than 20 years experience,
statistically, more socio-environmental conflicts with the Park. Finally, it was
concluded that there is an agreement between the population and the Park on the
need for environmental conservation of the area, however, for the minimization of
local socio-environmental conflicts, the broader development of participatory
methodologies focused on the local reality is extremely necessary, with frequent
presence of managers in the Park area.
