Estações de recarga para veículos elétricos alimentadas por energia solar fotovoltaica: estudo de caso para rodovia BR-381 Fernão Dias em 2030

Abstract

Several climate and energy studies carried out in recent years suggest that the current energy model might suffer a strong transition in order to increase the share of renewable sources in the world energy matrix, mainly due to two reasons: the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels and the negative climatic impacts from atmospheric emissions resulting from the burning of these fuels. In general, the electricity generation and transport sectors are the greater fossil fuels consumers and, consequently, are the most responsible for the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Integrating electric vehicles and photovoltaic power stations may play an important role in substituting fossil fuels. This study presents a case study on plants to place charging stations fed by photovoltaic power stations along the Fernão Dias highway in Brazil. A demand model was adopted to elaborate three scenarios for 2030 with different participation levels of electric vehicles in the Brazilian market. An optimized allocation model was used to derive the position and number of charging stations and photovoltaic power plants that would be need to meet the demand for recharging electric vehicles. This was done using the PV SystTM software program. The results gave a list of adequate locations for installing the charging stations and offered analyses on the consumed electricity and greenhouse gas emissions that could be abated by said actions. The financial analysis that was conducted for the case study determined that the charging costs, based on an Internal Rate of Return calculations, were 10%. These costs were compared to the fill up costs of other traditional vehicles. The results show that the costs may be 74% less than the cost of refilling current conventional automobiles. Finally, the results of this study may serve as a reference in the public policy debate, as well as for investors interested in fast charging EV stations that use solar energy