Ergologia, saúde e trabalho: uma revisão integrativa com ênfase nos centros de atenção psicossocial

Abstract

CAPS are health services intended for the treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation of individuals with severe and persistent mental disorders and those derived from the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. Through the complexity of the work in these institutions, due to various factors, it is verified that this activity has impacted the health of its professionals. In this sense, Ergology emerges as a proposal to better know and intervene in work situations, aiming to transform them. This approach focuses on the worker who is not exclusively concerned with prescriptions, and makes uses of himself, discusses norms and values, promotes renormalizations to achieve the objectives of his work and, mainly, to continue his life and maintain his health. It is noteworthy, however, that as CAPS and Ergology are recent phenomena, arising in the 1980s and, consequently, the association between them is still very little explored in the scientific field, this study aimed, through a integrative review, to contextualize the use of ergology in various work contexts, directing the look to the field of Brazilian mental health, CAPS. And from this, analyze the contributions of Ergology to unravel the relationship between work and health. The search for studies occurred in the Google Scholar, Scielo and PubMed databases, through the use of the descriptors ergology, mental health and psychosocial care centers, in English, French and Spanish, together with the establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, in which 59 field research articles were identified, included in this review. The results indicated a strong presence of ergological analysis in the work contexts related to the service sector and a lower incidence of such approach in empirical studies associated with the primary and industrial sector, as well as a limited incidence of ergological analysis in mental health and CAPS work. The contributions of Ergology to unveil the relationship between work and health in the various work contexts, including caps, are precisely in the ability of this approach to highlight human activity at work, its choices, debates of norms and values, renormalizations and, from this, discover the experiences and problems that workers are submitted to. In general, research shows that in all work contexts, from the primary sector to the service sector, workers are subjected to numerous conflicting situations that can impact their health, whether through the existence of labor risks, precarious working conditions, high demands and labor loads, among others, reflecting the strong influence of social and economic antecedent norms, work environment and the choices made by workers. It is expected that this study will enable a greater discussion about the work health relationship, specifically in the CAPS environment, as well as to promote greater knowledge and dissemination of Ergology and an incentive to conduct more empirical research supported by this approach, especially in the contexts of mental health services and CAPS.