Modelagem e análise do ciclo de vida da produção e comercialização de diesel verde (HVO) e sua aplicação no modo dual-fuel com etanol em motores de ignição por compressão

Abstract

The use of clean and renewable sources is a practice that is gaining more and more space and visibility in the energy generation sector. Resources are spent on a daily basis in search of new technologies and new fuels that meet the requirements of reducing pollutant emissions, emission of carbon dioxide and a sustainable development policy. Among the solutions found, the use of biomass as energy sources and improved technologies for combustion, such as the Dual-Fuel technique, are options that promote decarbonization and a reduction in polluting gas emissions in general. In this context, the present work aimed at the experimental study of HVO as a renewable fuel to be applied in a single-cylinder internal combustion engine, neat or in Dual-Fuel combustion with hydrated ethanol, in a dynamometric bench, where performance parameters and emission of polluting gases were evaluated. With the experimental data added to inventory data collected from the literature on the production cycle of HVO from palm oil and soybean oil, a Life Cycle Assessment of the biofuel was carried out. The adopted methodology consisted of developing the test bench with all instrumentation, data analysis methods and calculation of measurement uncertainties, test planning aimed at the application of motor generators, and analysis of the parameters of interest. Tests were carried out using neat HVO compared to neat conventional diesel and tests using dual combustion of Diesel-Ethanol and HVO. For Life Cycle Assessment, the SimaPro 9 software and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (E) calculation method were used. The results obtained with pure HVO showed reductions in specific levels of emissions of NOx, HC, CO and particulate matter (PM) of 30%, 75%, 81% and 55.3%, respectively. The reduction is mainly due to the physicochemical properties of the biofuel. The Dual-Fuel application provides a significant reduction in CO2, NOX and MP emissions. The life cycle analysis showed that the HVO produced from palm oil has an environmental performance superior to that of soy, with a reduction in the Global Warming Potential of up to 75% and impact categories such as Terrestrial Acidification, Ozone Formation and Consumption of Non-Resources renewables present lower levels when compared to diesel. The environmental impact of the 'Dual-Fuel' operation shows a decrease in the levels of Global Warming Potential, Depletion of Fossil Resources and Ozone Formation.