Resumo:
The contamination of matrices in the environment by chemical compounds is a problem inherent to human development, since the generation of chemical residues is proportional to the techno-scientific advances of mankind, resulting in contamination of the most varied types of the most varied matrices. As for aquatic matrices, the class of emerging contaminants, compounds that have a potential ecotoxicological effect at low concentrations, in the order of ng L-1 and mg L-1, have gained the focus of researchers around the world. The presence of these kind of contaminants still aggravated by their persistence, since physicochemical characteristics can contribute to the fact that these compounds don’t degrade naturally or by conventional methodologies of treatment plants, culminating in the need to develop methodologies that can remove or degrade these compounds, such as the application of physical, biological or chemical methodologies. An example of material that can be applied for removal are the biochars, a type of charcoal obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass at high temperatures, producing a carbonaceous, amorphous material with characteristic porosity. In the present work, samples of biochar were applied for the removal of ivermectin, an antiparasitic quite representative in the veterinary market, in aqueous solutions. The material was obtained by Box-Behnken planning, seeking to explore biomass pretreatments. The same was characterized by the ATR-FT-IR techniques, which returned characteristic stretches of organic groups reported in the literature; SEM-EDS, in which the morphological variation of biochar types was observed; XRD, whose response was arrangements that varied according to the pre-treatment of the biomass. The removal assays were monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and showed that higher pyrolysis and acidic treatment of biomass can improve the ivermectin removal. The average removal rate of the biomass pre-treated biochar, which obtaining method was optimized, was around 85%, fact that is assimilated with the characteristics of the obtained solid.
