Modelo multicritério de análise benefício/custo em processo construtivo de mobilidade urbana - estudo de caso em Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG

Abstract

Cities are characterized by problems since the industrial revolution that generated an accelerated urbanization, which resulted in a need for construction processes of infrastructure for the population, disregarding the evaluations of resource use from different areas, such as social, environmental, economic, historical and cultural aspects of urbanized places. Some authors address the disorderly growth of urban areas, simultaneously with the discontinuity of works, which result in waste of resources at municipal, state and federal levels and do not serve the population. Despite the creation of the Ministry of Cities and the National Urban Mobility Policy, there is a lack of a structured evaluation method with sustainability criteria for selecting infrastructure construction processes that maximize benefits/advantages and minimize costs/disadvantages for the population. In this way, the objective of the work was to develop a combined model of cost-benefit analysis, using a multicriteria tool to evaluate the use of economic, environmental and social resources in the construction process of transport infrastructure and urban mobility. Through the theoretical foundation, several international initiatives for process evaluation were verified, with emphasis on The Green Book of the United Kingdom and it was verified that Brazil does not have the selection of proposals and processes outside of strictly objective criteria. We then sought to build and test the applicability of the model in the project of Vila Criativa, Vila Feliz in Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais, creator of the Movimento Cidade Criativa, Cidade Feliz, which uses the city as a platform to increase people’s quality of life. . Twenty-six (26) criteria were defined for the combined methodology of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Benefit-Cost Analysis (ABC), submitted in comparison matrices for evaluation by 9 (nine) specialists. The criteria and their respective three-valued metrics were defined to contribute to the application of data in the tool ABCde Constructive Processes of Infrastructure (ABCINFRA). The tool contributes to the generation of an individual assessment report for each construction process for each sustainability resource in both benefit/advantage and cost/disadvantage classes. The application of the model in the construction process of Vila Criativa, Vila Feliz, allowed the validation of the technical criteria, expert weighting, determination of critical points and the entire construction of the tool through combined methods, contributing to the manager's decision-making in the application of the public resources connected with the purpose of sustainability and mobility. The tool made it possible to determine that the constructive process object of study minimized the costs/disadvantages and maximized the benefits/advantages, being viable for the city/people, mainly in the social resource that had a performance of 100% in both classes, followed by the economic resource and finally the environmental resource. In this way, the work met the main and specific objectives and provided a scientific contribution with the definition of technical performance criteria and metrics through the ABCINFRA data processing tool that delivers the quantitative analysis of the AHP and critical points and can also be used by the public managers/decision makers directed to constructive processes. It is suggested, as future works, the application of the ABCINFRA model, in different cities, contributing to new comparisons and analyses. As well as the expansion of specialists, representing the different Brazilian states.