Índice de eficiência energética de mobilidade urbana - IEEMU: uma abordagem multicritério e multidisciplinar

Abstract

The concept of urban mobility is very broad topic when discussing urban development and the quality of life of the population, and one of the main challenges that cities have been facing is the improvement of these conditions. In addition to problems related to urban mobility, the transport sector´s one of the main consumers of energy produced in the world and is responsible for 40% of global emissions. Road transport makes the main contribution, accounting for 72% of the transport sector's total emissions n' private cars are responsible for 60% of this total. Thus, there is great relevance in seeking to reduce energy consumption through measures to increase Energy Efficiency (EE) for transport. This research aims to develop an Energy Efficiency Performance Assessment Model for Urban Mobility (EEMU). The evaluation model is based on the ASI methodology, from SeMob - National Secretariat for Transport and Urban Mobility (Brasil, 2018a), n' is anchored on three pillars of energy efficiency: systemic efficiency, travel efficiency and vehicle efficiency. The research methodology was divided into three stages: In stage 1, the development of the EEMU was carried out; in step 2, the application of the Performance Assessment Model of EEMU in the city of São Paulo was carried out, and in step 3, the analysis of results and sensitivity was carried out. The EEMU model is made up of a hierarchy of criteria that make up the three pillars of Energy Efficiency, 7 themes, 14 initiatives and 29 attributes. The multicriteria decision analysis method is used, through the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), which allowed a structured study of the evaluation criteria. Data collection relied on the judgment of specialists to calculate the degree of importance of the criteria of the levels of the hierarchical structure (Pillars, Themes and Initiatives). With the final result, it can be seen that most specialists believe that in order to achieve energy efficiency for urban mobility, the pillar of “systemic efficiency” is more important than the other pillars. The final analysis of the attributes referring to the three pillars reaffirmed the theoretical framework on improving urban mobility conditions, which represents one of the greatest challenges for cities around the world. Finally, the application of the EEMU model for the city of São Paulo achieved an EE Index for Urban Mobility of 0.542. The research has both scientific and practical implications. It contributed to the elaboration of a multidisciplinary evaluation model and the development of an EE Index for Urban Mobility that can be used as an indicator of control over urban mobility actions. In practical terms, the research made it possible to point out the priority initiatives that should be on the agenda for improvement policies in the city of São Paulo.