Elaboração de balanços energéticos nas unidades da federação: o caso do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

This work considers the importance of energy in various aspects of people's lives, including comfort, job creation, wealth production, technological and scientific development, and innovation. It is associated with the challenge of constantly increasing energy supply and the urgency of sustainability throughout the processes from production to consumption. In this context, the importance of the State in the sector is highlighted, as it acts through regulatory agencies and even controlled companies positioned in different segments, aiming to achieve a difficult and complex dynamic balance across various aspects within each segment. At this point, the discussed theme focuses on the role of the State in providing information about the sector, enabling various agents and stakeholders to position themselves appropriately, considering different approaches, including the State's own role in developing public policy. In this regard, by discussing concepts and the relevance of energy statistics, specifically energy balances as the main source of information and essential data for the energy market's development, this study sought to better understand the reasons and difficulties faced by Brazilian subnational governments in publishing their respective Energy Balance Sheets (BEEs) annually. Additionally, it proposed a model based on best practices referenced in the literature to facilitate this process. To achieve this, the study aimed to understand historical and objective reasons related to the diminishing role of federal units in the sector by examining recent history, sectoral restructuring processes, the verification and understanding of institutional spaces for energy management within the organizational structure of these governments, and the mapping and analysis of their respective energy policies and planning. This analysis aimed to establish a connection between these aspects and the production of state energy balances. Based on an extensive literature review on energy balance sheet preparation, a model was proposed. A case study related to its application in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul was presented, which resulted in the development of a system that automates part of the preparation process based on the proposed model.