Resumo:
Access to clean water has become complex due to climate change, increased population and economic activities, water pollution and loss of biodiversity. The Chapéu D'Uvas reservoir is an important source of human water supply in the city of Juiz de Fora/MG. However, this reservoir is geographically located in other municipalities. The hydrographic basin and the Chapéu D'Uvas reservoir have been suffering environmental impacts that may compromise water security in terms of sufficient quality and quantity of water to meet the supply needs of the city of Juiz de Fora. This work aimed to diagnose the risk to water security of raw water from the reservoir through a comparative analysis between two scenarios, the year 2014 and the year 2021. An assessment was made of the situation of water stressors related to land use and occupation, supply demand, water quality and extreme hydrological events in the respective investigated years. Then, the risk to water security was measured using the Failure Model and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, with the calculation of the severity, occurrence and detectability of the impacts of each water stressor of quality and quantity of water. Subsequently, the risk to water security was identified with the combination of properties of water stressors. The results indicated that there are unacceptable risks on water security related to water stressors of land use and occupation and water quality in the comparison between the years 2014 and 2021, which directly impact the quantity and quality of water in the water supply reservoir, which require priorities of policy actions and management of water security to ensure the human water supply to the city of Juiz de Fora.
