Resumo:
The use of industrial waste in cementitious materials is a major challenge for the
construction industry. In many sectors, the waste usually presents heterogeneity in terms
of volume and production composition, which hinders its use on a large scale. However,
cementitious materials such as laying and covering mortars, as well as concrete, if
properly proportioned, can tolerate a certain amount of waste. To ensure a systematic and
accurate analysis of the system formed by waste plus cementitious composites, it is
necessary to use semi-empirical methods that combine experimental results with
mathematical models. The present study presents an analysis of mortars with
polyurethane (PU) industrial waste and foundry exhaust sand (FES). This analysis is
presented in different scenarios. First, a bibliometric survey was created to map the main
authors, journals and keywords used. Second a study of the mechanical, physical behavior
and workability of conventional mortars with partial replacement of natural sand with
polyurethane waste, in this model a Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to plan and
analyze the responses. Third, a delimitation of the range of percentages used for the
control variables of the second experiment was performed, these variables were
percentage of sand by cement (S/C), coarse sand content (SC), percentage of substitution
of FES by natural sand (FES), percentage of substitution of PU by natural sand (PU). In
this way it was possible to perform a response surface (RSM) through a quadratic model
by means of the developed DOE. The fourth scenario of the study involved the dynamic
analysis of mortars with waste in which it was possible to obtain the dynamic behavior of
the mortar structure. Numerical models were created for all the situations tested, these
models proved capable of providing data to adjust the predictive indices that influence
the mechanical, physical and dynamic quality of the mortars tested. The results serve as
a basis for the development of more sophisticated and optimized methods for dosing and
incorporation of waste in cementitious composites on a large scale
