Resumo:
In the search for energy sources that have lower environmental impacts, there is also the need to dispose of waste generated by human activities. In this context, a holistic analysis of the energy use of residues from agricultural and forestry activities, animal excreta, urban solid waste and sewage, from the pulp and paper industry and charcoal in Brazil is presented. Based on a bibliographic review, the current Brazilian panorama is presented in figures that contribute to a vision of the national potential for harnessing bioenergy from its theoretical and technical potential. The QGIS3.24.2 Tisler geoprocessing tool was used to generate potentiality maps from census data of microregions and municipalities available in the IBGE database (2022) and the Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS 2000). The results of the analysis of the maps by micro-region of generation potential from agricultural residues highlight the cultures of sugar cane, corn and soy. The greatest technical potential for generation from biomass residues is found in the agricultural segment, with 53.3 GW of technical potential. In this segment, sugarcane (32.5 GW potential), corn and soybeans (both with 7.8 GW of technical potential) stand out. In addition, sewage sludge (12.2 GW) and animal excreta (6.8 GW) have promising technical potential. In aggregate, it is concluded that Brazil has a technical potential of 12,184 PJ/year of generation from biomass residues, which is equivalent to an installed power of just over 126 GW from this type of source. Currently, Brazil has only 16 GW of installed power for the energy use of biomass, basically exploiting sugarcane residues and black liquor.
