Resumo:
This work investigates the oscillations of energy injected into the electrical grid by solar systems, resulting from variations in solar irradiance throughout the day. This study aims to stabilize the output power and optimize the use of solar energy through the implementation of hybrid microgrids that combine photovoltaic panels and battery banks.
Based on the literature review, a hybrid system model is proposed, using existing technologies, where the energy generated by the solar panels is divided between immediate consumption and storage in batteries. In periods of high solar irradiance, a fixed portion of the energy generated is used directly, while the surplus is stored in the batteries. When the irradiance is low, the batteries are activated to provide the necessary energy, ensuring the stability of the system.
The methodology used involves simulations of the modules individually and then simulation of the system as a whole. The system parameters, including battery capacity, solar panel efficiency and energy demand, were adjusted to reflect conditions close to real ones in the Itajubá region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The simulations cover various scenarios of solar irradiance and energy consumption, allowing a comprehensive analysis of the performance of the hybrid system.
The simulation results show that the proposed system significantly reduces the oscillations of energy injected into the electrical grid, with a notable decrease in generation peaks during periods of high irradiance. In addition, the system demonstrated the ability to supply energy continuously for longer periods. These results prove the technical feasibility of the hybrid system and its potential to improve the efficiency and sustainability of solar energy generation.
