Análise da capacidade de inovação frugal, das telhas de pead reciclado com grafeno, e painéis solares sob a ótica da tecnociência

Abstract

The research emerges from a universe of studies that aims to address the use of graphene in a social, environmental, and technological context, in a multidisciplinary manner, from a development perspective with social inclusion, given the scarcity of studies related to graphene in the social context. The objective of the study is to analyze the application of recycled HDPE tiles with graphene in relation to solar panels, through a vision of frugal innovation, based on technoscience, with the purpose of producing clean, affordable, and inclusive energy for a larger portion of the population, without disregarding the existence of actors, human and non-human, who interact in the form of a complex, decentralized network, and which generates influence in the development process, as discussed by Latour (1996) on the theory, "Actor Network". A search in the SCOPUS® database (2025) using the keywords "social graphene" revealed the period from 2010 to 2024; 728 publications, within a universe of 273,209 publications, on graphene, in its social, technological, and sustainable context. Studies on graphene around the world are growing due to the material's special properties and characteristics, which, when added to other materials as an additive, improve their properties. Brazil stands out for being the second largest producer of graphite in the world, with reserves in the north of Minas Gerais and Bahia, a mineral from which, in a primary form, Graphene can be extracted. For the analysis, the research methodology, Designer Science Research (DSR) was used in a comparative way, in order to evaluate the frugal innovation capacity of recycled HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) tiles, with Graphene, compared to Solar Panels, and to verify if this technological innovation, with social potential, contributes to the preservation of natural resources, sustainability, social inclusion and development, through energy comparison, and confrontation, with the controversies, existing between solar panels, and energy-generating tiles, made of recycled HDPE with Graphene, through the confrontation with the critical points on Technoscience, presented by Dagnino, in order to verify if recycled HDPE tiles with Graphene, can present themselves as an artifact of Frugal Innovation, meeting Technoscientific criteria, maximizing the use of materials, such as HDPE, and Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, which with technological advances can be recycled. The research shows that recycled HDPE tiles with Graphene have the potential to generate "clean energy" with recycled raw materials, providing income generation, and in an inclusive way, as it is able to meet the energy needs of a larger portion of consumers, due to its lower cost, especially those with lower purchasing power and who would be the greatest beneficiaries, with the generation and reduction of energy tariffs. On the other hand, it would also be contributing to the energy and environmental strengthening in the country, meeting the sustainable, inclusive and energy objectives, defined by the UN, through the Sustainable Goals, SDGs.