Contribuição do Monumento Natural Estadual da Pedra do Baú para os recursos hídricos da bacia do rio Sapucaí e para a estância climática de São Bento do Sapucaí/SP

Abstract

In view of the threats of water scarcity on the planet driven by human degradation, the different Nature Conservation Units (UCs), such as the Pedra do Baú State Natural Monument (MONA), are fundamental pieces for the conservation of water resources. In this context, this research investigates whether, after 36 years of the first preservation initiative of the studied area, this UC has been fulfilling its function of protecting water resources, according to the objectives for which the UC was created. The objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of the Pedra do Baú State MONA to water resources in the region. To achieve the objective, bibliographic and documentary research was carried out and the use of Google Earth and QGis software for overlaying and analyzing images, identifying the river network and land use and coverage. Water samples were also collected at different points within and outside the UC boundaries for analysis of physical-chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity and electrical conductivity, in order to assess the importance of the MONA for water quality in the region. The land use and coverage segments identified were native and planted vegetation, agriculture, livestock, farms and second home sites. Significant land division, environmental degradation, reduction of forest area, water pollution and reduction of water capacity were also observed. As conclusions, under these conditions, it was observed that the objective of preservation within the UC can be better analyzed and improved. Therefore, it becomes necessary to implement public policies to advance sustainable development in the study region.