Processos construtivos com metodologias ágeis e BPMN: uma proposta de melhoria para a construção de casas unifamiliares em Minas Gerais

Abstract

Efficient project management in the construction industry remains a recurring challenge, especially given the need to reduce costs and increase productivity. This study aims to model and propose improvements to the construction process of a single-family house, focusing on the masonry infill stage, through the integration of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and practices derived from the management approaches and practices of Kanban, the Last Planner System (LPS), and Scrum. This study is characterized as applied research of a comparative nature, based on process modeling and scenario comparison for a reference housing unit. A typical single-family residence in Minas Gerais was adopted as the reference unit, whose subprocess “Execute Masonry” was modeled in BPMN under two scenarios: (i) a traditional scenario, representing the usual way of conducting the masonry stage without the structured use of management approaches and practices; and (ii) an improved scenario, in which this subprocess was reorganized through the systematic incorporation of Kanban, LPS, and Scrum practices. In both scenarios, the activities were associated with productivity and material consumption coefficients from the SINAPI Table for 1 m² of masonry, allowing for the standardized quantification of costs and the clarification of the role played by exception paths and rework in increasing total cost. The comparison between the scenarios indicates that the cost of the masonry stage was reduced from BRL 2,654.04/m² in the traditional scenario to BRL 1,886.26/m² in the improved scenario, corresponding to a decrease of approximately 28.9% in the specific cost of this stage. Considering that masonry and related stages may account for between 25% and 30% of the total cost of a residential building, the results suggest potential savings ranging from 7.2% to 8.7% in the overall value of the project, from the perspective of the operational costs of the analyzed subprocess. From a theoretical-methodological standpoint, the study highlights the potential of BPMN modeling as a basis for integrating agile practices into the construction industry. In practical terms, it presents a BPMN macroprocess, detailed models of the “Execute Masonry” subprocess, a standardized technical guideline, and a cost calculation spreadsheet per square meter, thereby providing support for the planning and control of small-scale residential construction projects.