Sistema de monitoramento e diagnóstico de comando de válvula em motores à combustão interna

Abstract

The development of technologies for monitoring and diagnosing internal combustion engines is crucial for improving efficiency, reducing failures, and mitigating environmental impacts. This work addresses the implementation of an innovative online monitoring system for intake and exhaust valves, utilizing in-cylinder pressure sensors and valve position sensors synchronized with the crankshaft. The proposed methodology enables early detection of valve failures by analyzing specific parameters such as valve displacement area, time spent in maximum and minimum positions, and slope of displacements. These parameters were carefully processed to distinguish between normal conditions and various failures, such as excessive wear, loss of adjustment, and valve carbonization. The analysis is based on a scaled-down laboratory model where various operational scenarios were simulated, demonstrating the methodology's effectiveness in accurately identifying anomalies and proposing preventive corrections. The proposal includes integrating these measures with the fuel injection control system, allowing real-time adjustments to optimize combustion, reduce emissions, and extend component lifespan. This study significantly contributes to the evolution of predictive maintenance practices, particularly in large engines such as those used in power generation and maritime transport, where efficiency and reliability are essential.