Resumo:
The electrical power system faces constant changes, adapting gradually to the demands that
shape it. In the last decade, growing concern regarding the energy transition has diversified the
energy generation matrix plural. Despite the benefits of this new reality, which include
contributing to the decarbonization of the planet, the increasing use of renewable sources, such
as wind power and solar, results in a weakening electrical grid. It occurs due to the inherent
characteristics of these energy sources, such as low production of reactive energy and inertia,
high intermittency, and no contribution to the short-circuit capacity. Considering this fact, the
importance of utilizing reactive power compensation technology to attenuate electrical
transients can lead to various disturbances, such as blackouts. In this context, synchronous
condensers are a reemerging technology and are a more efficient solution because they are
capable of increasing grid inertia, to collaborate with the short-circuit capacity of the electrical
power system. This dissertation aims to analyze the consequences of integrating a large number
of renewable energy sources into the electrical system, in addition to evaluating the
effectiveness of three types of reactive compensators: synchronous condenser, static
synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and the static VAR compensator (SVC). In addition to
the theoretical study of each technology, simulations were conducted using suitable software,
adapting an existing electrical power system to this new operational reality. Through the
comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of each reactive compensation technique, efforts
actively sought to identify solutions contributing to mitigating potential electrical instabilities
and, ultimately, to providing support for the development of new knowledge and understanding
regarding the diverse and modern energy matrix. This initiative results in an electrical system
operating with high performance, reliability, and resilience.
