Análise da contribuição de compensadores síncronos rotativos na presença de grande quantidade de fontes renováveis

Abstract

The electrical power system faces constant changes, adapting gradually to the demands that shape it. In the last decade, growing concern regarding the energy transition has diversified the energy generation matrix plural. Despite the benefits of this new reality, which include contributing to the decarbonization of the planet, the increasing use of renewable sources, such as wind power and solar, results in a weakening electrical grid. It occurs due to the inherent characteristics of these energy sources, such as low production of reactive energy and inertia, high intermittency, and no contribution to the short-circuit capacity. Considering this fact, the importance of utilizing reactive power compensation technology to attenuate electrical transients can lead to various disturbances, such as blackouts. In this context, synchronous condensers are a reemerging technology and are a more efficient solution because they are capable of increasing grid inertia, to collaborate with the short-circuit capacity of the electrical power system. This dissertation aims to analyze the consequences of integrating a large number of renewable energy sources into the electrical system, in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of three types of reactive compensators: synchronous condenser, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and the static VAR compensator (SVC). In addition to the theoretical study of each technology, simulations were conducted using suitable software, adapting an existing electrical power system to this new operational reality. Through the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of each reactive compensation technique, efforts actively sought to identify solutions contributing to mitigating potential electrical instabilities and, ultimately, to providing support for the development of new knowledge and understanding regarding the diverse and modern energy matrix. This initiative results in an electrical system operating with high performance, reliability, and resilience.