Análise do nexo causal em processos de ressarcimento de danos em equipamentos elétricos visando melhorias aos consumidores e distribuidoras de energia.

Abstract

The electricity network is subject to disturbances due to causes such as lightning, falling trees, maneuvers in the network and other external factors that can disrupt the system's operation, however, depending on the type of disturbance, the consumer may be affected with damage to electrical equipment in your home. With this, the consumer has the right, when there is a causal link, between the cause and the damage, to be reimbursed by the energy concessionaire. In order to provide guidance on the procedures adopted in case of claims for compensation for damages and also to guarantee the rights of the consumer, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) approved in 2012 Module 9 - Compensation for electrical damages in the Electric Energy Distribution Procedures National (PRODIST), and thus, amended Resolution No. 414/2010 of the General Conditions for the Supply of Electric Energy. Thus, this work verifies the process of proving the causal link, seeking improvements for it and thus contributing to improve the process for both distributors and consumers. For this, requests for reimbursement from three distributors were analyzed, for the period of four years (2016-2019), checking the number of valid, unfounded, amounts paid for equipment, main equipment reimbursed, the transformers referring to the highest number of requests. Regarding network events, the main causes of events that prove the existence of the causal link were verified and two scenarios were created, one in relation to timeliness and the other taking into account the use of the surge protection device (SPD) in homes . The results showed a decrease in the number of requests for compensation for damages, but the number of requests considered valid did not vary much, in relation to the equipment, it was found that the television was the one that was compensated the most by the companies. Tests carried out in the test laboratory of the University of São Paulo proved that the use of DPS prevented the occurrence of electrical damage in the tested equipment, proving its effectiveness in protecting the equipment. Regarding the scenarios, the results of scenario 1 show that consumers are requesting compensation within an average period of 45 days after the alleged occurrence of the damage, in the second scenario the impact of using the DPS on events related to lightning was analyzed, the results showed an average reduction of 11% in orders, reducing expenses with reimbursement payment by R$165,329.46 for Distributor A, R$524,520.87 for Distributor B and R$122,205.40 for Distributor C. cost if the installation of the DPS were assigned to the distributor. The work has shown the importance of research on the compensation for electrical damages because it is something that is directly linked to the customer, that the analysis of the causal relationship must be efficient and that changes can be made both by distributors and consumers, to reduce the occurrence of damages.