Índice de sustentabilidade e integração do transporte e logística urbana (ISITransLog)

Abstract

Millions of people daily seek opportunities for a better quality of life in cities. What makes cities such attractive places, today concentrating more than 50% of the world's population, is the capacity of large urban centers to promote social interaction and, therefore, catalyze development – of the city and of its people. One of the objectives of developed societies in terms of mobility is to evolve towards models of low carbon consumption and less energy consumption, always with criteria of social equity and fair distribution of wealth. In short, the goal of sustainability. A narrow definition of sustainable transport tends to favor individual technological solutions, while a broader definition tends to favor more integrated solutions, including better travel options, economic incentives, institutional reforms, land use changes, as well as technological innovation. Sustainability planning may require a change in the way people think about and solve transport problems. The objective of this work is to understand the interactions and functioning of the transportation of people and goods in the urban environment, and to propose an evaluation model in terms of sustainability and integrated transportation. Firstly, an in-depth literature review allowed us to understand the interactions and functioning of transport of people and goods in the urban environment, verifying the main initiatives to promote sustainability. These initiatives, together with public policies, constitute the proposed hierarchical model. The hierarchy was then submitted to a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology consisting of the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a system specially developed for remote evaluation of the hierarchical model. This weighting of the initiatives resulted in the model's impact factor which, together with the degree of sustainability and integration and the stage of implementation of the initiatives, make up the ISITransLog index through a weighted linear combination. The index was then applied to São Paulo, where two distinct periods were considered, 2010 and 2020, and the results provided an assessment of the evolution of the city regarding the sustainability and integration of the passenger and freight systems. Among the results, the following stand out: policies to reduce the use of private vehicles; education and awareness of the population on sustainable urban transport and logistics; investment in clean technologies for transporting people and goods; investment in the integration of transport multimodality and; logistics management policies that promote a balance between operational efficiency and sustainability. The conclusions indicate improve in the sustainability of the urban transport and logistics in the city, highlighting the importance of incentives to the use of active modes of transport and the communication channel with population.